Difference between revisions of "Disney's Hollywood Studios"

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===Opening Day===
 
===Opening Day===
Disney beat Universal to the punch when Disney-MGM Studios opened on May 1, 1989 <ref name= "yesterland"> http://www.yesterland.com/mgm-beginning.html </ref>. When the Studios opened, the park consisted of Hollywood Boulevard, Lakeside Circle, and the Backlot Annex (with the production studio and animation studio making up the rest of the park)<ref name= "yesterland"/> . On opening day, Disney-MGM Studios only had five operating attractions. On The Great Movie Ride, guests boarded large trams and rode through scenes from famous movies. Audio Animatronics were used to recreate these scenes, and at the ride’s end guests could see a montage of clips from "great movies". The second and third opening day attractions were The Monster Sound Show and Superstar Television. Both of these attractions were interactive stage shows hosted by Sony <ref name= "day"> http://www.thisdayindisneyhistory.com/Disney-MGMGrandOpening.html </ref>. On the Monster Sound Show guests were able to help add sound effects to an "all-star haunted house mystery". Superstar Television on the other hand, showed guests how TV production worked by recreating some of the greatest shows in television, with guests cast in the show. The other opening day attractions consisted of a lengthy tour of the animation studio and a shorter tour of the production studio <ref name= "day"/>.  
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Disney beat Universal to the punch when Disney-MGM Studios opened on May 1, 1989 <ref name= "yesterland"> http://www.yesterland.com/mgm-beginning.html </ref>. When the Studios opened, the park consisted of Hollywood Boulevard, Lakeside Circle, and the Backlot Annex (with the production studio and animation studio making up the rest of the park)<ref name= "yesterland"/> .[[Image:MGMGrandOpening.jpg|thumb|350px|Michael Eisner and Bob Hope leading the first family into the park on its opening day]] On opening day, Disney-MGM Studios only had five operating attractions. On The Great Movie Ride, guests boarded large trams and rode through scenes from famous movies. Audio Animatronics were used to recreate these scenes, and at the ride’s end guests could see a montage of clips from "great movies". The second and third opening day attractions were The Monster Sound Show and Superstar Television. Both of these attractions were interactive stage shows hosted by Sony <ref name= "day"> http://www.thisdayindisneyhistory.com/Disney-MGMGrandOpening.html </ref>. On the Monster Sound Show guests were able to help add sound effects to an "all-star haunted house mystery". Superstar Television on the other hand, showed guests how TV production worked by recreating some of the greatest shows in television, with guests cast in the show. The other opening day attractions consisted of a lengthy tour of the animation studio and a shorter tour of the production studio <ref name= "day"/>.  
  
 
On hand for the Studios’ opening day were camera crews from various television stations from around the world <ref name= "mouseplanet"> https://www.mouseplanet.com/11330/The_Premiere_of_DisneyMGM_Studios </ref>. Actor John Ritter hosted the festivities, and celebrities such as Mickey Rooney, George Burns, Ann Miller, Willie Nelson, Jane Fonda, Jimmy Stewart, Dick Van Dyke and The Pointer Sisters attended <ref name= "mouseplanet"/>. Furthermore, Tony Randall, President Ronald Reagan, and British Prime Minister Margret Thatcher all appeared in video clips <ref> https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-mgm-studios-theme-park-grand-opening-the-television/ </ref>. The festivities started with Smokey Robinson singing and dancing his way down Hollywood Boulevard <ref name= "studios"/> and Michael Eisner reading the park’s dedication:  
 
On hand for the Studios’ opening day were camera crews from various television stations from around the world <ref name= "mouseplanet"> https://www.mouseplanet.com/11330/The_Premiere_of_DisneyMGM_Studios </ref>. Actor John Ritter hosted the festivities, and celebrities such as Mickey Rooney, George Burns, Ann Miller, Willie Nelson, Jane Fonda, Jimmy Stewart, Dick Van Dyke and The Pointer Sisters attended <ref name= "mouseplanet"/>. Furthermore, Tony Randall, President Ronald Reagan, and British Prime Minister Margret Thatcher all appeared in video clips <ref> https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-mgm-studios-theme-park-grand-opening-the-television/ </ref>. The festivities started with Smokey Robinson singing and dancing his way down Hollywood Boulevard <ref name= "studios"/> and Michael Eisner reading the park’s dedication:  

Revision as of 22:42, 30 April 2016

Disney's Hollywood Studios
Earfultower2.jpg
The Earful Tower in Disney's Hollywood Studios
Theme Golden Age Hollywood and today's Disney Studios
Website Hollywood Studios Homepage
Opened May 1, 1989
Icon Earful Tower (1989-2001)
Sorcerer's Hat (2001-2015)

Disney's Hollywood Studios (formerly Disney-MGM Studios) is a theme park located in Walt Disney World.

History

Conception

Like most things in Walt Disney World, Disney's Hollywood Studios can trace its origins back to Walt Disney himself. In the 1960s, Walt wanted to build a theme park that would show guests the movie making process [1]. At that time, Universal Studios had a popular backstage tram tour, and Walt wanted to do something similar on the backlot of the Disney Studios [1]. Due to land costs and potential traffic problems however, this idea never came to fruition[1]. Although the Disney Studios backlot tour was never built, the idea would later resurface.

Early concept art for Disney-MGM Studios

The genesis for what would eventually become Disney's Hollywood Studios began in the mid-1980s. Imagineers led by Marty Skylar and Randy Bright were given the task of creating two new pavilions for Future World in EPCOT Center [2]. One of the pavilions they created was to be called the Great Movie Ride pavilion[2]. The main attraction of the pavilion would have taken guests through various movie scenes and was very similar to the attraction of the same name that would eventually open at Disney-MGM Studios. Michael Eisner, then the CEO of the Disney Company, decided that the idea for the pavilion was strong enough to warrant its own theme park and he told his Imagineers to begin working on it[2].

At the same time that the new EPCOT Center pavilions were being designed, Disney decided that it needed a new production studio due to the dramatic increase in the Disney production schedule during the 1980s. Instead of spending a lot of money on land, it was decided that the studio would be built on the property they already owned in Florida. This need for a new production studio was one of the driving forces behind the inclusion of a studio tour in the new Disney theme park.

Another factor that played a crucial role in the creation of the Disney-MGM Studios was that in 1982 Universal Studios was planning on building an East Coast theme park in Orlando[1]. Universal was looking for a partner in the venture, so they approached Paramount Studios’ CEO Michael Eisner about joining them in the project [3]. Eisner declined Universal's proposal and the plans for a Universal East theme park were eventually tabled. When Eisner was named CEO of Disney in 1984 however, he knew about Universal's theme park plans and wanted to beat them to the punch [3]. Eisner decided to build a movie theme park of his own, and had Imagineers start working on the concept. The idea of a Disney movie theme park was kept on the back burner until Universal announced its plans in 1985. After the announcement, Michael Eisner announced that the Disney was already working on a movie based theme park which would be the third gate in Walt Disney World[3].

Before the new park was even announced Disney had already been working behind the scenes to acquire the rights to the name and logo of Metro-Golden-Mayer Inc. This led to Disney and MGM agreeing on a contract in 1985, which allowed Disney to use the MGM name, logo and certain film clips [4]. The new theme park would eventually be named Disney-MGM Studios, and would feature the classic MGM logo- Leo the Lion.

Construction

Construction on Disney-MGM Studios began in 1986 [1]. As mentioned before, besides being a theme park, Disney-MGM Studios was also a working studio. Both animation and live action studios were built, which guests were eventually able to tour and see how Disney made films[1]. Imagineers also wanted the park to be the perfect representation of the "Golden Age of Hollywood." To accomplish this, the park was themed to look like a small version of Hollywood, with replicas of icons such as Grumman’s Chinese Theater, the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and the Brown Derby. To give MGM an "icon," Imagineers created the large "Earful Tower". The 130 ft. water tower looked exactly like the one on the Disney Studios lot in California, with the exception of the large Mickey ears placed on top [1].

Opening Day

Disney beat Universal to the punch when Disney-MGM Studios opened on May 1, 1989 [5]. When the Studios opened, the park consisted of Hollywood Boulevard, Lakeside Circle, and the Backlot Annex (with the production studio and animation studio making up the rest of the park)[5] .
Michael Eisner and Bob Hope leading the first family into the park on its opening day
On opening day, Disney-MGM Studios only had five operating attractions. On The Great Movie Ride, guests boarded large trams and rode through scenes from famous movies. Audio Animatronics were used to recreate these scenes, and at the ride’s end guests could see a montage of clips from "great movies". The second and third opening day attractions were The Monster Sound Show and Superstar Television. Both of these attractions were interactive stage shows hosted by Sony [6]. On the Monster Sound Show guests were able to help add sound effects to an "all-star haunted house mystery". Superstar Television on the other hand, showed guests how TV production worked by recreating some of the greatest shows in television, with guests cast in the show. The other opening day attractions consisted of a lengthy tour of the animation studio and a shorter tour of the production studio [6].

On hand for the Studios’ opening day were camera crews from various television stations from around the world [7]. Actor John Ritter hosted the festivities, and celebrities such as Mickey Rooney, George Burns, Ann Miller, Willie Nelson, Jane Fonda, Jimmy Stewart, Dick Van Dyke and The Pointer Sisters attended [7]. Furthermore, Tony Randall, President Ronald Reagan, and British Prime Minister Margret Thatcher all appeared in video clips [8]. The festivities started with Smokey Robinson singing and dancing his way down Hollywood Boulevard [1] and Michael Eisner reading the park’s dedication:

"The world you have entered was created by the Walt Disney Company & is dedicated to Hollywood - not a place on a map, but a state of mind that exists wherever people dream & wonder & imagine, a place where illusion & reality are fused by technological magic. We welcome you to a Hollywood that never was - and always will be."

Michael Eisner
May 1, 1989

Changes Since Opening Day

Although only opening with five attractions, Disney-MGM Studios was popular and quickly expanded. Later in 1989, the Indiana Jones Stunt Spectacular opened in Lakeside Circle [9]. The stunt show recreated stunts from the Indiana Jones film "Raiders of the Lost Ark". Also in 1989, Star Tours debuted. The new motion simulator attraction that transports guests to the world of the George Lucas' film series Star Wars [10]. In 1990, New York Street was opened for pedestrians (it had previously been part of the Backlot Tour) and the 3D film Muppets Vision 3D was added [11]. Also added to New York Street at this time was the Honey, I Shrunk the Kids Playground [11]. In 1991, two shows were added to the park: Beauty and The Beast and the Voyage of The Little Mermaid[11].

The Tower of Terror at Disney's Hollywood Studios

In 1994, the Sunset Boulevard expansion was added to the Studios [12]. As a part of the addition, the Twilight Zone Tower Terror opened. On the Tower of Terror, guests are transported into Rod Sterling's Twilight Zone where they board a haunted elevator. The elevator drops guests 15 stories before rising back up and dropping them again. The next change major to the park came in 1997, when the Monster Sound Show was replaced with the ABC Sound Studio: One Saturday Morning[11]. The new show was used to feature cartoons airing on ABC, a network recently purchased by Disney. In 1998, the nighttime spectacular Fantasmic! was added to Disney-MGM Studios[11]. The new firework show features a battle of good vs. evil staring Mickey Mouse. In 1999, Sunset Boulevard got another thrill ride with the addition of the Rock N' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith, which took guests on a high speed tour of Hollywood set to the music of Aerosmithref name= "timeline"/>.

Disney-MGM Studios 2000-2007

With the turn of the 21st century, Disney-MGM Studios began to see a series of changes. As a part of the 100 Years of Magic celebration, a 122 ft. tall Sorcerer’s Hat (from the Disney movie Fantasia) was constructed in front of Grumman’s Chinese Theater [13]. At this time, Walt Disney's One Man Dream also opened [11]. The new attraction featured both a museum of Disney artifacts and a short biographical film about Walt Disney himself. In 2003, the animation studio located at the park closed, ending the Animation Tour that had been a staple of the park since opening day [14]. In 2004, New York Street was expanded to include architecture found in San Francisco and renamed The Streets of America. The section of the Studio Tour that resided behind the Streets of America (Residential Street) was then bulldozed in 2004 in order to make room for a new stunt show titled Lights, Motors, Action! Extreme Stunt Show, which opened in 2005 [15].

2007 Name Change

In 2007, Disney announced that it would be renaming the park Disney's Hollywood Studios. The contract signed in 1985 between MGM and Disney had expired in 2005, and Disney chose not to renew it [4]. When announcing the name change Meg Crofton (the President of The Walt Disney World Resort) stated:

"The new name reflects how the park has grown from representing the golden age of movies to a celebration of the new entertainment that today’s Hollywood has to offer—in music, television, movies and theater"

Meg Crofton, President of Walt Disney World Resort [4]

Reflected in the name change was the fact that over time the theme of the park had changed. Originally the park was set in the Golden Age of Hollywood, but by 2007 the theme had clearly shifted to a more modern view of filmmaking. By 2008, the park had been renamed Disney's Hollywood Studios; however it took more time to change all the affected signs[4].

Disney's Hollywood Studios 2007-Present

Since the 2007 name change there have a few major additions to the Hollywood Studios. In 2008, Mickey's Avenue was renamed Pixar Place, and all attractions on the Avenue were closed [16]. Opening in their place was Toy Story Midway Mania!, a new 4D attraction that lets guests travel through (and play) classic Midway games, while wearing 3D glasses [17]. The opening of Toy Story Midway Mania! was followed by the opening of the American Idol Experience in 2009 [18]. The American Idol Experience was located on Hollywood Boulevard in the ABC Theater and based on the popular television show American Idol. On December 6, 2012 an interactive walkthrough attraction named The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow replaced the Journey Into Narnia walkthrough attraction [19]. Also in 2012, Sounds Dangerous! officially closed [20].

2014 saw a series of changes occur in Disney’s Hollywood Studios. On August 30, the American Idol Experience closed its doors [21]. Subsequently on September 27, the Studio Backlot Tour (an opening day attraction) was closed [22]. Following this pattern of change, in October 2014 Disney announced that the Sorcerer’s Hat (which had been built as a temporary structure in 2001) would finally be demolished in 2015 [23]. This announcement was paired by the announcement that The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow would be closing for good on November 6, 2014. On July 12, 2015 another opening day attraction The Magic of Disney Animation closed permanently [24].

On August 16, 2015 Disney announced that new areas dedicated to Star Wars and Toy Story would be constructed in Disney's Hollywood Studios. In January 2016, Disney announced that Honey, I Shrunk the Kids Movie Set Adventure, Lights, Motors, Action! Extreme Stunt Show, the Writers Stop, Watto's Grotto and the Studio Catering Co. would be closing on April 2, 2016 [25] [26]. At this time Disney also announced that the Earful Tower would be removed as part of the construction [27].

Current Attractions

To see the current Disney's Hollywood Studios map Click Here.

Hollywood Boulevard

The Great Movie Ride-This opening day attraction lets guests board trams and travel through some of the most popular movies of all time. The ride lasts about 22 minutes and is located inside Grumman’s Chinese Theatre.

Echo Lake

Indiana Jones Stunt Spectacular!- This show allows guests to see (or even participate in) various stunts. Based on the 1981 film Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark, the show lasts about 25 minutes.

Star Tours: The Adventure Continues-Star Tours is a 3D motion simulator ride that takes guests into the world of Star Wars. The attraction is now updated and features 54 different adventures.

The 2016 Hollywood Studios map (click to enlarge)

Streets of America

Muppet Vision 3D-A film starring the Muppets, the show features a combination of 3D video and Audio Animatronics to bring the Muppets to life.

Pixar Place

Toy Story Midway Mania!- A 4D attraction that lets guests play classic Midway games in a whole new way. Featuring characters from the 1995 Disney Pixar movie Toy Story, this attraction allows guests to actually enter midway games while they play them.

Mickey Avenue

Walt Disney: One Man's Dream- An exhibition of various items celebrating Walt Disney's life. Guests start out by exploring a Disney museum that tells Walt’s story, before viewing a 15 minute biographical film.

Animation Courtyard

Voyage of the Little Mermaid- A live musical retelling the 1989 Disney movie, The Little Mermaid. The show runs for approximately 15 minutes.

Disney Junior- Live on Stage!-An interactive show featuring Disney Junior characters. Characters from popular television shows, Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, Doc McStuffins, Sofia the First and Jake and the Never Land Pirates appear. The show is 24 minutes long.

Sunset Boulevard

Beauty and the Beast Live On Stage- A live, musical Broadway-style show based on the 1992 Disney movie Beauty and the Beast. The show runs for approximately 30 minutes.

The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror- A thrill ride which drops guests up to 13 stories. Guests arrive at the Hollywood Tower Hotel in the Twilight Zone, before entering "a most uncommon elevator."

Rock N Roller Coaster Staring Aerosmith- A road trip through Hollywood featuring twists, turns, loops and even a corkscrew. Set to the music of Aerosmith, Rock N Roller Coaster is one of the fastest rides in Disney World. The ride starts by accelerating from 0 to 57 miles per hour in an astonishing 2.8 seconds.

Former Attractions

Superstar Television- Located in what is now the ABC Theater, Superstar Television was open from 1989 until 1998. The attraction was a live interactive show that allowed guests to re-enact famous television scenes. Using special effects guests would be superimposed in the television shows along with the original actors. The attraction was replaced by Doug Live!

Doug Live!- Located in the ABC Theater, Doug Live! opened on March 15, 1999 and closed on May 12, 2001. The attraction was a live show based on the television cartoon “Disney's Doug”. Doug Live! was replaced by The American Idol Experience.

The Monster Sound Show-Located on the right side of what is now the ABC Theater, The Monster Sound Show opened in 1989 and closed in 1999. The interactive show allowed guests to add their own spooky sound effects to a short film starring Chevy Chase and Martin Short. The format of the show changed on July 1, 1997, and became the ABC Sound Studio. Although the premise of the ride was similar, the film now featured characters from 101 Dalmatians: The Series. In 1999 the show closed for good and was replaced by Sounds Dangerous--Starring Drew Carey.

Sounds Dangerous--Starring Drew Carey-Located at the right side of the ABC Theater, Sounds Dangerous opened in 1999 and closed in 2012. The show was themed to look like a television show pilot; however its real purpose was to show guests the importance of sound effects. Almost two thirds of the show was in complete darkness, with only sounds telling the story's plot.

Who Wants To Be A Millionaire - Play It! Located on Mickey Avenue (now Pixar Place), Who Wants to Be a Millionaire - Play It! opened April 7, 2001 and closed August 19, 2006. The attraction was a version of the popular TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, and allowed guests to compete for various prizes. If a guest answered the million dollar question correctly, they would win a trip on The Disney Cruise Line. The attraction was replaced by Toy Story Midway Mania!

The Spirit of Pocahontas- Located in the Backlot Theater (Now the Premiere Theater), The Spirit of Pocahontas opened on June 23, 1995 and closed on February 24, 1996. The Spirit of Pocahontas was a live stage show that retold the story of Disney's Pocahontas; however popular characters from the movie including Meeko and Flit did not appear in the show. The Spirit of Pocahontas was replaced by another live stage show, The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

The Hunchback of Notre Dame-Located in the Backlot Theater (Now the Premiere Theater), The Hunchback of Notre Dame opened on June 21, 1996 and closed on September 28, 2002. Like the Spirit of Pocahontas before it, The Hunchback of Notre Dame was a live musical show. The attraction was a retelling of the 1996 Disney Movie The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

Here Come the Muppets-Located in the Animation Courtyard Theater, Here Come the Muppets opened on May 25, 1990 and closed on September 2, 1991. The show was a live stage show featuring full sized characters from the Muppets. The show was always thought to be temporary, as Muppet Vision 3D was set to open soon in a new area called Muppet Studios. Although Muppet Studios was never created, Here Come the Muppets did close in 1991 and was replaced by the Voyage of The Little Mermaid.

Bear and the Big Blue House- Live on Stage!-Located in the Soundstage Theater, Bear and the Big Blue House: Live on Stage! opened on June 7, 1999 and closed August 4, 2001. The attraction was an interactive show featuring characters from the television show Bear and the Big Blue House. The show was replaced by Playhouse Disney- Live on Stage! in 2001.

Playhouse Disney- Live On Stage! Located in the Soundstage Theater, Playhouse Disney- Live on Stage opened October 1, 2001 and was renamed Disney Junior- Live On Stage! in March of 2011. The original show featured characters from Disney television programs, Bear and the Big Blue House, Rolie Polie Olie, Stanley, and The Book of Pooh. Over time the characters were changed to include characters from Jo Jo's Circus, The Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, My Friends Tigger and Pooh, Handy Mandy, and The Little Einsteins.

The American Idol Experience- This interactive show allowed guests to take the stage and sing, just like on the television show American Idol. Guests also had the option of sitting in the audience and watching the performances. The American Idol Experience opened on February 14, 2009 and closed on August 30, 2014.

Studio Backlot Tour- The Studio Backlot Tour let guests see the behind the scenes aspects of movie making. Guests were able to see how special effects were created, and also tour a museum of movie props. The attraction consisted of both a tram and walking tour and lasted about 35 minutes. The Studio Backlot Tour opened with the park on May 1, 1989 and closed on September 27, 2014.

The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow- The interactive walkthrough attraction allowed guests to join Jack Sparrow’s crew and help the pirate defeat Davy Jones. The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow opened on December 6, 2012 and closed on November 6, 2014.

The Magic of Disney Animation- A Disney animator (with the help of Mushu from Disney's Mulan) showed guests how different Disney characters are drawn. After exiting the showroom guests could explore interactive games or even learn how to draw their favorite Disney character. The Magic of Disney Animation opened on May 1, 1989 with the rest of the park and closed on July 12, 2015.

Honey, I Shrunk the Kids Movie Set Adventure- A large playground based on the 1989 film Honey, I Shrunk the Kids. Inside the playground young guests would see 30 foot grass, 40 foot bees and even a giant dog.

Lights, Motors, Action! Extreme Stunt Show- This stunt show allowed guests to see how big-time vehicle stunts are done for Hollywood movies. The 33 minute show featured cars, motorcycles and (of course) explosions.

Fun Facts and Trivia

  • The Earful Tower is a non-working water tower that has a height of 130 feet and is 8 1/2 feet in diameter. That gives it a hat size of 342 3/8.
  • TV shows taped at Disney-MGM Studios included:

“Sheena,” “Full House,” “Wheel of Fortune,” “World Championship Wrestling,” “ESPN College Football Awards,” “Talk Soup,” “Step By Step,” “Barbara Walters Special” and “Live! With Regis & Kathie Lee”.

  • Mulan was the first full-length film to be produced primarily by Walt Disney Feature Animation at Disney-MGM Studios.
  • The HBO series “From the Earth to the Moon”, starring Tom Hanks, was produced in two sound stages throughout 1997 at Disney MGM Studios.
  • The Mickey's of Hollywood store is a spoof of Frederick's of Hollywood, a famous lingerie store.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 http://www.studioscentral.com/history-hollywood-studios
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 http://www.studioscentral.com/history-great-movie-ride
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Koenig, David. Realityland: True-life Adventures at Walt Disney World. Irvine, CA: Bonaventure, 2007. Print.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 http://www.yesterland.com/mgm-end.html
  5. 5.0 5.1 http://www.yesterland.com/mgm-beginning.html
  6. 6.0 6.1 http://www.thisdayindisneyhistory.com/Disney-MGMGrandOpening.html
  7. 7.0 7.1 https://www.mouseplanet.com/11330/The_Premiere_of_DisneyMGM_Studios
  8. https://d23.com/a-to-z/disney-mgm-studios-theme-park-grand-opening-the-television/
  9. http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/mgm/st-indiana.htm
  10. http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/mgm/st-startours.htm
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 https://www.mouseplanet.com/10692/Celebrating_the_Silver_Anniversary_of_Disneys_Hollywood_Studios
  12. https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2014/06/vintage-walt-disney-world-sunset-boulevard-under-construction/
  13. http://www.yesterland.com/removehat.html
  14. http://www.filmbuffonline.com/News/2003-2004/DisneyClosesStudio.htm
  15. http://allears.net/tp/mgm/m_stunt.htm
  16. http://progresscityusa.com/2008/08/04/pixars-place/
  17. http://www.studioscentral.com/toy-story-midway-mania-construction
  18. http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/mgm/st-americanidol.htm
  19. http://www.insidethemagic.net/2012/11/inside-the-legend-of-captain-jack-sparrow-as-walt-disney-world-debuts-new-lifelike-pirates-of-the-caribbean-attraction/
  20. http://www.wdwinfo.com/wdwinfo/guides/mgm/st-sound.htm
  21. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/attractions/theme-park-rangers-blog/os-disney-american-idol-experience-closing-20140815-post.html
  22. http://www.miamiherald.com/living/travel/article2771271.html
  23. http://www.wesh.com/orlandomyway/orlando-theme-parks/walt-disney-worlds-sorcerers-hat-to-be-torn-down-wednesday/30571590
  24. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/attractions/theme-park-rangers-blog/os-disney-hollywood-studios-magic-animation-closing-20150629-post.html
  25. http://www.wdwmagic.com/attractions/lights-motors-action-extreme-stunt-show/news/15jan2016-lights,-motors,-action-extreme-stunt-show-to-permanently-close-in-april-2016.htm
  26. http://www.wdwmagic.com/attractions/lights-motors-action-extreme-stunt-show/news/15jan2016-lights,-motors,-action-extreme-stunt-show-to-permanently-close-in-april-2016.htm
  27. http://www.wdwmagic.com/attractions/disneys-hollywood-studios/news/15jan2016-more-closures-confirmed-for-disneys-hollywood-studios-as-the-park-moves-ahead-with-redevelopment-plans.htm